4 Ways to Strengthen Family Bonds in Church This Summer

4 Ways to Strengthen Family Bonds in Church This Summer

Summer is just around the corner, and you know what that means – schedules loosen up, vacations get booked, and keeping families connected to the church can feel like a juggling act. But fear not, leaders! Summer presents a fantastic opportunity to strengthen family bonds in church. And nurture faith in a fun, relaxed way.

In this blog I will offer 4 ways to strengthen family bonds in church this summer. These  ideas for family ministry cater to all ages and are good for churches large and small. We’ll explore activities that are easy on the budget, flexible for busy schedules, and most importantly, create lasting memories that connect families to each other and their faith.

But first, let’s take a look at one myth that might get you down.

 

What if We Don’t Have Many Families in Church?

You may think that because not many families attend your church that you can’t strengthen family bonds in faith this summer. That’s not true. Family configurations may have changed, but families are still looking for ways to have fun together. The difference between one or two members of a family coming to church and the rest of the gang showing up, is often just the difference between one or two invitations.

Encouraging your congregation to reach out and invite family members that they may have lost touch with can be a great way to promote renewal within their family connections. While at the same time you’re creating renewal within your church.

With that in mind, let’s get down to the 4 specific ways you can strengthen family bonds in church this summer.

 

Shake Up Your Sundays

Let’s face it, the traditional Sunday service format might not always hold the attention of restless summer minds. Here’s how to inject some fresh energy:

  • Themed Worship Services Pick a summery theme like “God’s Creation” or “Fruits of the Spirit” and tailor the music, sermon, and children’s message to the theme. You could even have a nature walk after service where families can explore God’s handiwork.
  • Family-Friendly Music Incorporate upbeat, contemporary songs during worship that families can sing along to. Think about inviting a youth band to perform for a special summer service.
  • Interactive Sermons Instead of a lengthy lecture, consider an interactive sermon where families participate in activities or discussions. You could use object lessons, ask thought-provoking questions, or even have families create short skits based on the Bible story.

 

Beyond the Walls: Building Community Fun

Summer is all about getting outdoors and enjoying the beautiful weather. Here are some ideas to take your ministry outdoors:

  • Family Campout This is a classic! Pitch tents on the church lawn, tell stories, roast marshmallows, and gaze at the stars. Encourage families to share favorite Bible verses or sing hymns around the fire.
  • Community Service Day Organize a family service project at a local food bank, animal shelter, or park clean-up. Not only will this instill a sense of giving back, but families can work together and bond while serving their community.
  • Summer Games Night Host a fun-filled evening with classic yard games like frisbee, volleyball, or a sack race. Throw in a potluck dinner where families contribute dishes, and you’ve got a recipe for summer fun and fellowship.

 

Creative Activities for All Ages

Let’s not forget the importance of activities that cater to different age groups. Here are some ideas that spark creativity and connect families in faith:

  • Family Art Night Set up a space with paints, crayons, and construction paper. Let families create artwork together. Hang the creations in the church hallway for a beautiful display of faith and family. Welcome knitted and crocheted items as well.
  • Bible Scavenger Hunt Hide clues around the church grounds based on Bible stories. Families work together to decipher the clues and learn new things about their faith in a fun, interactive way.
  • Cooking Class with a Twist This is a great option for families with seniors and teenagers. Choose a recipe that reflects a theme from the Bible, like “Manna from Heaven” bread or a “Feeding the Multitude” pasta dish. While cooking, discuss the significance of the story and how it translates to everyday life.

 

Reaching Out to Busy Families

We understand that summer schedules can get crazy. Here are some ideas to reach out to families who might not be able to attend regular events:

  • Weekly Family Devotional Ideas Put together a list of short Bible readings, discussion questions, and simple activities that families can do together at home during the week. Share this list electronically or in a printed handout.
  • Summer Movie Nights Host a movie night on the church lawn with a projector and a screen. Choose movies that have positive messages that connect with faith themes. Offer popcorn and drinks for a relaxed family evening.
  • “Faith on the Go” Backpacks Create backpacks filled with age-appropriate Bible stories, coloring books, crayons, and small toys with faith-based messages. These backpacks can be borrowed by families for road trips, picnics, or anytime they need a little faith boost on the go.

Remember, the key is to keep faith fun, engaging, and accessible! By offering a variety of activities throughout the summer, you can create a welcoming environment where families feel comfortable connecting with each other, nurturing their faith, and building lasting memories.

Renewing family connections and building bonds with the community are important steps to take in the process of creating renewal within your congregation or ministry. Creating a Culture of Renewal® graduates have not only grown their congregations and seen sizeable increases in giving but have positively impacted their communities and spread renewal beyond the four walls of their churches. Learn more about how to make renewal happen for your congregation, families, and community, by joining me in a free seminar, How Christian Ministries Are Achieving Success.

 

Copyright © 2024 rebekahsimonpeter.com.  All Rights Reserved.

Social Impact and Advent: The Joy in Storytelling

Social Impact and Advent: The Joy in Storytelling

The holidays are a time to reflect, create memories, and focus on what God has done in our lives. As we search for Advent joy, it’s helpful to share our stories about how Jesus has impacted us through our work and service. Stories of change are individual and communal narratives that showcase positive transformations. They often depict a journey from struggle to hope, progress, or success brought about by individual or group actions, efforts, or initiatives. These stories revolve around social, environmental, economic, or educational reform efforts and offer firsthand accounts of how initiatives and people have significantly improved the lives of individuals or communities.

Whether about a young person organizing a protest, a group coming together to overhaul a rundown park, or a change in government policy that benefits marginalized populations, social impact stories showcase people doing good in the world. These stories of social impact provide detailed insight into inspiring works that cultivate joy in the lives of the people involved. Let’s look at some practical ways sharing joy in your story can have a social impact during Advent, and beyond.

 

Storytelling as a Means of Sharing Joy

Storytelling has always been powerful, creating deep human connection. In today’s world, storytelling can play a crucial role in catalyzing transformation. When joy seems elusive, the inspiration of your positive experience can shift the perspective from the negative.

Think about what compels you on social media – chances are that the stories that make you pause are those of people making a difference. Whether watching a viral video of an individual overcoming adversity or reading about a campaign for change that resonates with your beliefs, storytelling can inspire and motivate people toward positive action.

Here are some practical ways you can share stories that bring joy:

 

1) Social Media: Utilize platforms like Facebook, Instagram, or TikTok to share joy. When you put positive content into the world, you allow the opportunity for others to share in something bigger.  

Film a video or write a post detailing a story of joy that resonates with you. Social media is perfect for sharing the small joys of your life with the people in your network. Ever notice how many “likes” a new baby photo or a birthday post get?  People want to celebrate. They want to experience your joy with you!

Even sharing a story about the beauty of something as simple as a winter sunrise will inspire others to look beyond the daily negative noise. You can shift the perceptions of others by highlighting joy in the world around you.

 

2) Blogs or Websites: You can be the change you wish to see in the world, and websites like Medium or WordPress are great platforms for this kind of sharing. Detailed writing about a topic that is inspiring allows you to connect on an emotional level in a digital age. Include pictures and videos to make your story more engaging.

If you’re writing about a project that you’re working on for social change, invite others to join you.  You can’t make the world a better place alone; share the work… and the joy!

 

3) Church Gatherings: Tell your story at church gatherings or meetings. When you share your spiritual journey with others, you connect with joy. Sharing can be as formal as a presentation or speech, or as casual as a random conversation. 

Remember, the goal is not just to tell your own story but also to inspire others to offer their unique stories of joy.  Your storytelling should always include listening to the journeys of others. Spirituality manifests itself in astounding ways. For some, communing with nature brings the most joy; for others, the spiritual path means working to help pass legislation to protect those very same resources.  The main objective is to spread positive action and experience.

 

Advent, Social Impact & Joy

Social impact is a powerful force that can transform lives and communities. It is the collective effort of individuals to address unjust societal issues like homelessness and gun violence. To promote equality in the workplace and in our communities. To make practical changes for the environment and for future generations. Through acts of kindness, advocacy, and philanthropy, you can be the impact that inspires others to join the cause and create meaningful change. 

You all possess a remarkable tool to ignite change, uplift spirits, and bring happiness: your unique stories. By sharing your experiences, you have the power to ignite a chain reaction of joy and social impact that extends far beyond your immediate circle.  If you’re not sharing your stories now, what better time to get started then during the season of Advent!

With that in mind, I invite you to my upcoming seminar, “How Christian Ministries Achieve Success: An Introduction to Creating a Culture of Renewal®.” During our time together, I will offer practical strategies for sharing your impactful story and contributing to a culture of renewal in your community.

Together, let’s write the next chapter of our stories of social impact.

 

Copyright © 2023 rebekahsimonpeter.com.  All Rights Reserved.

Advent, Advocacy, and Engagement: A Path to Peace

Advent, Advocacy, and Engagement: A Path to Peace

As human beings, we strive for peace. The yearning for peace resonates within individuals, communities, nations, and the global community. Yet, pursuing lasting peace is a formidable endeavor, constantly disrupted by war, conflict, violence, and injustice. Nevertheless, the church is called to advocate for peace and to seek reconciliation.

 

Understanding Advent and its Significance in Relation to Peace

Advent, a cherished season in the Christian faith, symbolizes the anticipation and preparation for Jesus Christ’s birth. During the four weeks leading up to Christmas, believers worldwide light candles, engage in special services and contemplate the arrival of Christ. This time allows us to center our thoughts on peace—a virtue that Jesus exemplified throughout his life.

While Advent practices may differ geographically and among denominations, the central message of the season remains unchanged: the birth of Jesus was a profound event that forever transformed the world. As we anticipate the joy of Christmas, let us remember that this season’s true essence lies in its profound influence on our lives – peace.

 

The Role of Advocacy in Promoting Peace and Unity

Advocacy is critical in promoting peace and unity across communities and nations. When we advocate for the rights and dignity of all individuals, especially the oppressed, we create a space where differences can be embraced and celebrated rather than feared or rejected.

Advocates strive to build bridges between different communities, encouraging a sense of openness and respect, ultimately leading to a more peaceful and harmonious world. Whether advocating for policy change, mobilizing communities, or simply amplifying voices that are often silenced, the role of advocacy in promoting peace and unity cannot be overstated, especially throughout Advent.

 

Creative Ways for Churches to Engage with Their Communities During Advent

Advent is a special time of year when many churches find innovative ways to connect with their community members. From virtual Advent calendars to drive-through nativity scenes to caroling, and more, churches offer unique ways to engage the community. By embracing creativity and adapting to the times, churches are proving that the spirit of Christmas cannot be contained. Engaging with the community during this season is not only a way to spread the message of peace and goodwill but also an opportunity for churches to demonstrate their commitment to advocating for peace. Brainstorm with your church and community leaders to come up with creative ways you can advocate together for peace.

Here are some ways your church can begin to engage in the work of advocacy during Advent:

  • Host a fundraiser for a peace-focused organization or charity that aligns with the church’s values.
  • Organize a prayer vigil for peace in the local community or for global conflicts.
  • Partner with other churches, synagogues, mosques, and faith-based organizations to host an interfaith dialogue on promoting peace and unity.
  • Encourage members to use their social media platforms to educate others about issues related to peace and to advocate for change.
  • Host a book club or discussion group that addresses inequality and injustice.
  • Collaborate with community leaders and organizations to host workshops on conflict resolution and peaceful communication strategies.

There are a variety of ways that churches can engage in the work of advocacy during Advent, and these are just a few examples. The important thing is to find what works best for your church and community, keeping in mind that advocating for peace is an ongoing journey that requires consistent effort and dedication. Though you may embark on the journey during Advent, for lasting change, it will continue throughout the year and beyond.

Peace is not merely a desired state of existence but an active pursuit that demands our relentless commitment. For pastors, it may feel like an uphill battle given the complexities of the world we live in today. There may be times when the responsibility of leading your church to advocacy can feel immense, the challenges insurmountable, and discouragement creeps in. However, during these moments of vulnerability, we are reminded of the transformative power of faith, hope, and unity.

If you are a pastor grappling with the complexities of fostering peace and unity in your community, remember that you are not alone. I invite you to connect with me. I am committed to walking alongside you, offering support, sharing resources, and celebrating every stride towards peace. Advocacy work can be complicated and sometimes overwhelming, but with the collective efforts of individuals like you, peace becomes possible. I love helping individuals and communities find creative, meaningful ways to do advocacy work.

Together, let’s strive to illuminate the world with the beacon of peace this Advent and beyond.

 

Copyright © 2023 rebekahsimonpeter.com.  All Rights Reserved.

Putting the Hope of Advent Into Action

Putting the Hope of Advent Into Action

Hope is the theme of the first Sunday in Advent. But hope is more than a hymn to be sung, a scripture to be read, or a candle to be lit. In the Christian world, hope is definitely more than thinking. Hope is an action word. Hope is living as if the world is already set right. Pope Francis said “Advent is a journey toward the horizon of hope.”

As we navigate a constantly changing world, many people find themselves looking for ways to make a difference. One way to contribute to the greater good is by promoting justice and equality in the spaces you influence. Think about how you can broaden your team. Use your voice to speak up and challenge the status quo. In doing so, you effectively create hope in the lives of those around you. While the task may seem daunting, there are many different ways to work toward a more just world. Whether you volunteer, donate, attend community events, or engage in advocacy work, every action counts. By coming together and taking individual steps to create a more equitable society, we can all play a part in creating a better future for ourselves and future generations. This is putting the hope of Advent into action.

In the coming weeks, I will share a series of posts that delve into the connections between Advent’s four powerful themes: Hope, Peace, Joy, and Love, and their resonance with working for God’s reign here on earth. I will explore the intersection of Hope and social justice, delve into the influence of Peace on advocacy and church involvement, uncover stories of social impact and community engagement that embody Joy, and culminate with lessons and inspirations driven by Love, encouraging continued advocacy.

Connecting Advent to Social Justice

Christmas is not merely a season of festivities, gift-giving, and merriment. It also carries a profound message of social justice. As we celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ, we are reminded of his humble beginnings and connection with the poor and marginalized.

Advent also tells the story of the shepherds, who were among the first to hear the good news of Jesus’s birth. This is a powerful reminder of God’s inclusive love. As social outcasts at the time, the shepherds highlight that God’s love extends to all people, regardless of their social status.

Jesus and his family were Jewish refugees on the run from Herod. Their safety depended on their relative invisibility. But these days, for many people facing homelessness, invisibility is a death sentence. Increasing numbers of people don’t have homes due to struggles with addiction, mental health issues, and increasing inflation. When we choose not to see these individuals as people, we lose our own humanity as well.

 

Hope in Action

In a world where injustice persists, finding hope can seem elusive. Choose one area where you would like to see a difference. Here are four practical ways you can take actions that inspire hope:

  1. See each person as significant. Befriend someone you might not normally notice or whose presence you might normally dismiss. Over the years I have befriended many people experiencing homelessness. I have gotten to know their stories, found out where they came from, and discovered ways to support them directly. By hearing others’ stories and recognizing their experiences, they not only become more visible to you but they become a part of your spiritual connection to the world. Within this connection you can promote their rights and contribute to a more just society.
  2. Educate yourself. Take the time to learn about the root causes of social inequities. Why do some people have food, homes, and regular paychecks, while others don’t? By understanding the issues, you can contribute to meaningful conversations and support informed solutions. Talk to those whom social inequities have directly impacted and listen to their stories. When I lived in Denver I regularly purchased The Denver VOICE from vendors who were homeless. This gave me the opportunity to learn from individuals who faced homelessness directly and how to best support them.
  3. Advocate for change. I was recently in Atlanta and witnessed a large amount of people on curbsides and under bridges with seemingly no place to go. I didn’t stop with lifting up a prayer. I called the mayor and a US Senator to see what their plans were for getting people off the streets. Here at home, the church I attend has been advocating for change at a very local level. Instead of wondering what to do about the large homeless population that congregate around the church, they have taken action. By partnering with health providers in the area, they offer healthcare services twice a month to those who otherwise would likely not receive the care they need. Use your voice to raise awareness. Then, take action toward social equity in your community.
  4. Engage in volunteering. Don’t just think or talk about it, live it. By actively participating, you make a tangible impact and inspire hope. Where can you serve this year that you haven’t before? Many Creating a Culture of Renewal® participants craft visions with their churches that are inspired by hope in action to revitalize their communities. I recently spoke with two current participants who run the only warming shelter in their county. The need is great as an increasing number of people are experiencing homelessness. However, due to a lack of volunteers, the project has been put on hold until January 1, 2024. I am sure that many non-profits can use your help.

As you enter this Advent season that celebrates the joy of light and hope in darkness, it’s time to turn hope into an action word. You can make meaningful impacts in your community. No, you can’t change the whole world this Advent. And you don’t need to try. Instead, choose one area and start by challenging yourself and those around you to live with greater compassion and empathy.

To help equip you on those journeys, make an appointment with me to discuss engaging more fully in Advent. May the beauty of this holy time be profoundly transformative as we increase our awareness and raise the call for justice!

 

Copyright © 2023 rebekahsimonpeter.com.  All Rights Reserved.

Avoiding Burnout During the Holiday Season

Avoiding Burnout During the Holiday Season

Clergy are entrusted with the spiritual guidance and support of their communities. Ironically, with increased demands at the holidays your own well-being and family can get left out. The pressure to meet the needs of the congregation, prepare special services, provide emotional support, and make the season feel spiritually significant is overwhelming. This leads to fatigue, stress, and even burnout. Unfortunately, when you neglect your own self-care, it hinders your capacity to make a positive impact.

Self-care and family time are not personal luxuries. They are essential for effective spiritual leadership. While congregations and communities should be mindful of the toll the holiday season can take on spiritual leaders, leaders must make self-care and family non-negotiable. In this week’s blog, I explore how to avoid burnout during the holiday season.

 

Avoiding Burnout: Establish Healthy Boundaries

Leaders who are successful at achieving a healthy work-life balance set and maintain boundaries. By setting and maintaining healthy boundaries, you prevent burnout and stay enthusiastic in your ministry. Remember, taking care of yourself allows you to serve others better.

Here are some tips to help you establish healthy boundaries between your professional and personal life:

  1. Clearly define your workspace. The pandemic saw us all have an ever-increasing amount of work coming home. A dedicated workspace can help create a physical and mental separation between work and home life. This will define a clear distinction between work time and personal time.
  2. Prioritize self-care. Make time for activities that bring you joy and help you relax. Take time for your favorite hobbies, cherish moments with your loved ones, and take adequate breaks to rejuvenate yourself.
  3. Learn to say no. Don’t take on more than you can handle. Prioritize your commitments. Learn to delegate to others so that all the work doesn’t fall on your shoulders.

 

Avoiding Burnout: Communicate Your Needs

Leaders must communicate openly and honestly about their needs to the personnel committee during the holiday season. This is not about complaining but informing them about family commitments, just like everyone else. By doing so, you are setting a healthy example for them to follow.

Here are some tips to help you communicate your needs to those around you:

  1. Communicate your availability to those around you. Avoid taking work-related calls, text messages, or emails outside these designated hours. Clearly define your work hours and stick to them.
  2. Let others know your limitations. You are human and have personal needs. By communicating to those around you where you need assistance, it allows them to know where they can help and cements spiritual community and belonging.
  3. Communicate the importance of self-care and work-life balance. Educate your community about how this makes you more present and effective in your ministry. Encourage them to join you in this practice. Set an example and incorporate it into your sermons and teachings.

 

Avoiding Burnout: Nurture Your Spirituality

Amidst the busy holiday season, it may be tempting to prioritize doing over being. However, nurturing and maintaining spiritual grounding is vital for your well-being. It allows you to step away from the demands of ministry and connect with a deeper sense of support and understanding.

Here are some tips to help you nurture your spirituality:

  1. Spend quiet time with God. By finding the inner strength in these moments, you will be better equipped to support others. Cultivating this relationship will refresh your spirit during a season that has many external demands.
  2. Immerse yourself in the hymns of the season. There are so many rich and meaningful hymns to help you reflect on your personal journey of celebration. Allow the message of these praises to build your spiritual grounding.
  3. Practice Centering Prayer. Finding your own deep connection to love and faith to God will guide you to the support and intention to be in God’s presence. This will open divine action inside yourself and allow you to better serve those around you.

Next Steps

Embracing a holistic approach to ministry is crucial for clergy. Avoid burnout during the holiday season by establishing healthy boundaries, communicating your needs, and nurturing your spirituality. In this way you can achieve a more harmonious and gratifying holiday season while staying true to your spiritual calling.

Go ahead, be selfish. Remember that these steps are not only beneficial for you but for the communities you serve. By prioritizing your well-being, ensure that you can continue to fulfill your sacred duty to guide and support others. Your congregations and communities will thank you for it.

If you’re a leader feeling the weight of this season, know that you are not alone. It’s okay to seek help, to ask for support, and to prioritize your well-being. Here’s my invitation to you. I invite you to reach out to schedule a one-on-one with my team. You don’t have to navigate this journey on your own. Even leaders need help, particularly during the holiday season. Burnout not required!

 

Copyright © 2023 rebekahsimonpeter.com.  All Rights Reserved.

Mastering the Art of Listening

Mastering the Art of Listening

Listening stands at the foundation of effective leadership in ministry. As a spiritual leader, your ability to listen strengthens your connections. It opens the door to spiritual growth and understanding. Through an intentional listening practice, you can discern your people’s needs, and respond to them with compassion and wisdom. Mastering the art of listening can strengthen your ministry and make a positive difference in the lives of those you serve.

In this blog, I will explore the impact of active listening, and provide practical insights to enhance this skill in your spiritual and communal journey. Join me as we uncover the transformative power of mastering the art of listening, and its ability to enrich our spiritual lives.

 

Listening in Ministry

Listening is an indispensable part of effective leadership. It enables you to comprehend your community’s needs. If you listen with an open mind, you will better understand the struggles, needs, and spiritual journeys of your community. This understanding allows you to tailor your ministry accordingly, creating a safe and inclusive space. Through this deep listening, you can build empathy and meaningful relationships within your ministry.

Mastering the Art of Listening: Make a conscious effort to actively listen during meetings, services, and interactions with the members of your spiritual community. Take note of how this practice enhances your understanding and connection within the community. Don’t simply wait for your turn to speak. Focus on hearing and understanding the perspectives of others.

 

Listening as a Spiritual Practice

Listening as a spiritual practice transcends mere skill. It is an action that connects you to divine guidance. Attentive listening opens you to the subtle whispers of spiritual wisdom in your interactions, revealing deep insights and understanding. By cultivating the art of listening to God, you establish a sacred connection with the world around you. The practice allows you to be present to the needs and experiences of others. You honor their inherent worth and value, and find connection within yourself to how God is speaking through them. Incorporating listening as a spiritual practice into your daily life invites you to slow down and be fully present.

Mastering the Art of Listening: Incorporate daily reflective practices and mindful listening into your spiritual routine. Set aside regular time for quiet reflection. Pay attention to the powerful insights and connections that emerge from these moments of stillness. Ask yourself what emotional or spiritual filters you bring. Even better, what are you hearing from God? These questions can help guide your listening as a spiritual practice.

 

Listening and Conflict Resolution

As a leader, you are the spiritual guide to conflict resolution. Conflict is never resolved without listening. It requires being fully present and attentive. In order to truly understand the perspectives of others involved in the conflict, you must listen carefully. Conflict is a part of life, and if you fear it, you won’t be open to actively listen. Without active listening, there will be disconnect and further separation. Active listening demonstrates respect and validation for the other person’s feelings and opinions. By actively listening, we create a safe space for open dialogue and encourage a collaborative approach to conflict resolution.

Mastering the Art of Listening: Next time you encounter a conflict, practice active listening by fully engaging with the other person’s perspective. Pay attention to nonverbal cues and ask questions to clarify and deepen your understanding. Notice how this approach can help diffuse tension and lead to productive resolution. Don’t be afraid of the conflict. See it as an opportunity to engage in active listening and to learn about the needs of your spiritual community.

 

Mastering the transformative art of listening profoundly impacts your ministry, relationships, and spiritual growth. By cultivating this skill, you become more attuned to the needs and experiences of your spiritual community. Active listening invites you to immerse yourself in the stories of others, enriching your perspective and strengthening your bond to your community. It may not always be easy, but it is crucial to set aside our need to talk and acknowledge that we can improve as listeners.

That is why I invite you to join my upcoming Readiness 4 Renewal seminar. Through six 90-minute online sessions, you will use four specific leadership skills that promote renewal: Group Culture Awareness, Powerful Reframing, Clarifying your Call, and Gaining Alignment. These skills will help you explore the impact of group dynamics, expand your emotional intelligence and empathy, equip and empower others for community engagement, and envision your next steps toward creating a culture of renewal. All of this will lead to better listening and a stronger connection to your community. Join me and learn the power of listening in promoting renewal in our churches!

Copyright © 2023 rebekahsimonpeter.com.  All Rights Reserved.